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The actual Mount Athos has steep, densely forested slopes reaching up to 2,033 m (6,670 ft). The peninsula, the easternmost 'leg' of the larger Chalkidiki peninsula in central Macedonia, protrudes 50 km (31 mi) into the Aegean Sea at a width of between 7 and 12 km (4.3 and 7.5 mi) and covers an area of 335.6 km 2 (130 sq mi).

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This empowers the monastic community's authorities to regulate the free movement of people and goods in its territory in particular, only males are allowed to enter. The Athonite monasteries feature a rich collection of well-preserved artifacts, rare books, ancient documents, and artworks of immense historical value, and Mount Athos has been listed as a World Heritage Site since 1988.Īlthough Mount Athos is legally part of the European Union like the rest of Greece, the Monastic community institutions have a special jurisdiction which was reaffirmed during the admission of Greece to the European Community (precursor to the EU). Today, over 2,000 monks from Greece and many other countries, including Eastern Orthodox countries such as Romania, Moldova, Georgia, Bulgaria, Serbia and Russia, live an ascetic life in Athos, isolated from the rest of the world. Mount Athos has been inhabited since ancient times and is known for its long Christian presence and historical monastic traditions, which date back to at least AD 800 and the Byzantine era. In the classical era, while the mountain was called Athos, the peninsula was known as Acté or Akté ( Koinē Greek: Ἀκτή). However, not all languages spoken in the region use this name it is simply called 'Athos' in Russian, Афон ( Afon) and 'Mount Athos' in Romanian, Muntele Athos or Muntele Atos. This includes Bulgarian, Macedonian and Serbian ( Света Гора, Sveta Gora Svyataya Gora) and Georgian ( მთაწმინდა, mtats’minda). Other languages of Orthodox tradition also use names translating to 'Holy Mountain'. Mount Athos is commonly referred to in Greek as the Agion Oros ( Ἅγιον Ὄρος, 'Holy Mountain'). It is governed as an autonomous polity within the Hellenic Republic, namely the monastic community of Mount Athos under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

Mount Athos ( / ˈ æ θ ɒ s/ Greek: Ἄθως, ) is a mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece and an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism.

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